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Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72titleTb4b4b4>What is Reticulum? Te6edf3— Reticulum Network Stack 0.2.4 beta documentationTb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72titleTb4b4b4>

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Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72a Te6edf3hrefTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"index.html" Te6edf3titleTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"Reticulum Network Stack Manual"

Te6edf3accesskeyTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"P"Tb4b4b4>previousTb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72aTb4b4b4> |Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72li Te6edf3classTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"nav-item nav-item-0"Tb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72a Te6edf3hrefTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"index.html"Tb4b4b4>Reticulum Network Stack 0.2.4 beta documentationTb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72aTb4b4b4> Te6edf3»Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72li Te6edf3classTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"nav-item nav-item-this"Tb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72a Te6edf3hrefTff7b72=Ta5d6ff""Tb4b4b4>What is Reticulum?Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72aTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>

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Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72div Te6edf3classTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"section" Te6edf3idTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"what-is-reticulum"Tb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72h1Tb4b4b4>What is Reticulum?Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72a Te6edf3classTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"headerlink" Te6edf3hrefTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"#what-is-reticulum" Te6edf3titleTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"Permalink to this headline"Tb4b4b4>¶Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72aTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72h1Tb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Reticulum is a cryptography-based networking stack for wide-area networks built on readily available hardware, and can operate even with very high latency and extremely low bandwidth.Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Reticulum allows you to build very wide-area networks with off-the-shelf tools, and offers end-to-end encryption, autoconfiguring cryptographically backed multi-hop transport, efficient addressing, unforgeable packet acknowledgements and more.Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Reticulum is a complete networking stack, and does not use IP or higher layers, although it is easy to utilise IP (with TCP or UDP) as the underlying carrier for Reticulum. It is therefore trivial to tunnel Reticulum over the Internet or private IP networks. Reticulum is built directly on cryptographic principles, allowing resilience and stable functionality in open and trustless networks.Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>No kernel modules or drivers are required. Reticulum runs completely in userland, and can run on practically any system that runs Python 3.Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72div Te6edf3classTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"section" Te6edf3idTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"current-status"Tb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72h2Tb4b4b4>Current StatusTb4b4b4<Tff7b72a Te6edf3classTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"headerlink" Te6edf3hrefTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"#current-status" Te6edf3titleTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"Permalink to this headline"Tb4b4b4>¶Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72aTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72h2Tb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Reticulum should currently be considered beta software. All core protocol features are implemented and functioning, but additions will probably occur as real-world use is explored. There will be bugs. The API and wire-format can be considered relatively stable at the moment, but could change if warranted.Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72divTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72div Te6edf3classTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"section" Te6edf3idTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"caveat-emptor"Tb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72h2Tb4b4b4>Caveat EmptorTb4b4b4<Tff7b72a Te6edf3classTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"headerlink" Te6edf3hrefTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"#caveat-emptor" Te6edf3titleTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"Permalink to this headline"Tb4b4b4>¶Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72aTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72h2Tb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Reticulum is an experimental networking stack, and should be considered as such. While it has been built with cryptography best-practices very foremost in mind, it has not been externally security audited, and there could very well be privacy-breaking bugs. To be considered even remotely secure, Reticulum needs a very thourough security review by independt cryptographers and security researchers. If you want to help out, or help sponsor an audit, please do get in touch.Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72divTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72div Te6edf3classTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"section" Te6edf3idTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"what-does-reticulum-offer"Tb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72h2Tb4b4b4>What does Reticulum Offer?Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72a Te6edf3classTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"headerlink" Te6edf3hrefTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"#what-does-reticulum-offer" Te6edf3titleTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"Permalink to this headline"Tb4b4b4>¶Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72aTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72h2Tb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72ul Te6edf3classTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"simple"Tb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Coordination-less globally unique adressing and identificationTb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Fully self-configuring multi-hop routingTb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Asymmetric X25519 encryption and Ed25519 signatures as a basis for all communicationTb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Forward Secrecy with ephemereal Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman keys on Curve25519Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Reticulum uses the Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72a Te6edf3classTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"reference external" Te6edf3hrefTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"https://github.com/fernet/spec/blob/master/Spec.md"Tb4b4b4>FernetTb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72aTb4b4b4> specification for encryptionTb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72ulTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>AES-128 in CBC mode with PKCS7 paddingTb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>HMAC using SHA256 for authenticationTb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>IVs are generated through os.urandom()Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Keys are ephemeral and derived from an ECDH key exchange on Curve25519Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72ulTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Unforgeable packet delivery confirmationsTb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>A variety of supported interface typesTb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>An intuitive and developer-friendly APITb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Reliable and efficient transfer of arbritrary amounts of dataTb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72ulTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Reticulum can handle a few bytes of data or files of many gigabytesTb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Sequencing, transfer coordination and checksumming is automaticTb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>The API is very easy to use, and provides transfer progressTb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72ulTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Efficient link establishmentTb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72ulTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Total bandwidth cost of setting up a link is only 3 packets, totalling 237 bytesTb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Low cost of keeping links open at only 0.62 bits per secondTb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>

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Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72div Te6edf3classTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"section" Te6edf3idTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"where-can-reticulum-be-used"Tb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72h2Tb4b4b4>Where can Reticulum be Used?Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72a Te6edf3classTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"headerlink" Te6edf3hrefTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"#where-can-reticulum-be-used" Te6edf3titleTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"Permalink to this headline"Tb4b4b4>¶Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72aTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72h2Tb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Over practically any medium that can support at least a half-duplex channel

with 1.000 bits per second throughput, and an MTU of 500 bytes. Data radios,

modems, LoRa radios, serial lines, AX.25 TNCs, amateur radio digital modes,

ad-hoc WiFi, free-space optical links and similar systems are all examples

of the types of interfaces Reticulum was designed for.Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>An open-source LoRa-based interface called Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72a Te6edf3classTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"reference external" Te6edf3hrefTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"https://unsigned.io/rnode"Tb4b4b4>RNodeTb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72aTb4b4b4>

has been designed specifically for use with Reticulum. It is possible to build

yourself, or it can be purchased as a complete transceiver that just needs a

USB connection to the host.Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Reticulum can also be encapsulated over existing IP networks, so there’s

nothing stopping you from using it over wired ethernet or your local WiFi

network, where it’ll work just as well. In fact, one of the strengths of

Reticulum is how easily it allows you to connect different mediums into a

self-configuring, resilient and encrypted mesh.Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>As an example, it’s possible to set up a Raspberry Pi connected to both a

LoRa radio, a packet radio TNC and a WiFi network. Once the interfaces are

configured, Reticulum will take care of the rest, and any device on the WiFi

network can communicate with nodes on the LoRa and packet radio sides of the

network, and vice versa.Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>

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Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72div Te6edf3classTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"section" Te6edf3idTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"supported-interface-types-and-devices"Tb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72h2Tb4b4b4>Supported Interface Types and DevicesTb4b4b4<Tff7b72a Te6edf3classTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"headerlink" Te6edf3hrefTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"#supported-interface-types-and-devices" Te6edf3titleTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"Permalink to this headline"Tb4b4b4>¶Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72aTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72h2Tb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Reticulum implements a range of generalised interface types that covers most of the communications hardware that Reticulum can run over. If your hardware is not supported, it’s relatively simple to implement an interface class. Currently, the following interfaces are supported:Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72ul Te6edf3classTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"simple"Tb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Any ethernet deviceTb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>LoRa using Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72a Te6edf3classTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"reference external" Te6edf3hrefTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"https://unsigned.io/rnode"Tb4b4b4>RNodeTb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72aTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Packet Radio TNCs, such as Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72a Te6edf3classTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"reference external" Te6edf3hrefTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"https://unsigned.io/openmodem"Tb4b4b4>OpenModemTb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72aTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Any device with a serial portTb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>TCP over IP networksTb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>UDP over IP networksTb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>

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Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72div Te6edf3classTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"clearer"Tb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72divTb4b4b4>

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Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72div Te6edf3classTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"sphinxsidebar" Te6edf3roleTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"navigation" Te6edf3aria-labelTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"main navigation"Tb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72div Te6edf3classTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"sphinxsidebarwrapper"Tb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72h3Tb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72a Te6edf3hrefTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"index.html"Tb4b4b4>Table of ContentsTb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72aTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72h3Tb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72ulTb4b4b4>

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Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72a Te6edf3classTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"reference internal" Te6edf3hrefTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"#current-status"Tb4b4b4>Current StatusTb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72aTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72a Te6edf3classTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"reference internal" Te6edf3hrefTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"#caveat-emptor"Tb4b4b4>Caveat EmptorTb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72aTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72a Te6edf3classTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"reference internal" Te6edf3hrefTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"#what-does-reticulum-offer"Tb4b4b4>What does Reticulum Offer?Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72aTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72a Te6edf3classTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"reference internal" Te6edf3hrefTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"#where-can-reticulum-be-used"Tb4b4b4>Where can Reticulum be Used?Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72aTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>

Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72a Te6edf3classTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"reference internal" Te6edf3hrefTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"#supported-interface-types-and-devices"Tb4b4b4>Supported Interface Types and DevicesTb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72aTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72liTb4b4b4>

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Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72h4Tb4b4b4>Previous topicTb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72h4Tb4b4b4>

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Te6edf3titleTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"previous chapter"Tb4b4b4>Reticulum Network Stack ManualTb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72aTb4b4b4>Tb4b4b4<Tb4b4b4/Tff7b72pTb4b4b4>

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Tb4b4b4<Tff7b72a Te6edf3hrefTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"index.html" Te6edf3titleTff7b72=Ta5d6ff"Reticulum Network Stack Manual"

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